He tohutohu mo te whakamahinga i tetahi tono Java maere i Unix
He Mea Nui mo Java
Ko Java he pūnaha whakahaere pūnaha whakahaere mo te whanaketanga pūmanawa. Kei roto i te reo whakahiato, nga kaupapa whakamahi me te taiao waahi. Ka taea te whakawhanake i tetahi papatono Java i runga i tetahi rorohiko, ka rere i runga i tetahi atu rorohiko me te taiao wa tika. I te nuinga o nga ra, ka taea e nga mahinga Java tawhito te whakahaere i nga waahi ka oma atu. He nui rawa te nui o Java, ahakoa ka taea te tuhi i nga tono tino uaua, kaore e taea te tuhi i te taha o te punaha. Ka huaina tenei ko 100% Java.
Ko te whakawhanaketanga o te ipurangi Ipurangi kua riro mai i te rongonui, no te mea i te wa e mahi ana koe mo te Tukutuku, kaore koe e mohio ki te ahuatanga o te kaiwhakamahi. Ma te reo whakahirahira Java, ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te "tuhituhi kotahi, ka rere ki tetahi wahi". Ko te tikanga tenei ina ka kohikohi koe i to rautaki Java, kaore koe e whakaputa tohutohu mo tetahi kaupapa motuhake. Engari, ka whakaputahia e koe te waehere tawhito Java, ara, he tohutohu mo te Motu Motuhake Java (Java VM). Mo nga kaiwhakamahi, kaore he aha te turanga e whakamahia ana e ratou - Windows, Unix , MacOS, ranei he Ipurangi Ipurangi-no te mea ko te Java VM tenei, e mohio ana ia ki nga waerangi whaarangi.
E toru nga momo o nga Papatono Java
- Ko te "pepa" he mahere Java i hangaia hei whakauru ki runga i te wharangi tukutuku.
- Ko te "servlet" he mahere Java i hangaia hei whakahaere i runga i te tūmau.
I enei take e kore e taea te whakahaere i te hōtaka Java i waho i nga ratonga o tetahi pūtirotiro Tukutuku mo tetahi putea, he tūmau Tukutuku hoki mo te tauera.
- Ko te "Java tono" he kaupapa Java e taea ana te whakahaere.
Ko nga tohutohu e whai ake nei hei mahinga koe i tetahi tono Java ma te whakamahi rorohiko Unix.
He Rārangi Rārangi
He tino ngawari, me rua noa nga mea hei tuhi i tetahi kaupapa Java:
(1) Ko te Java 2 Platform, Edition Standard (J2SE), i mohiotia i mua ko te Kit Java Development (JDK).
Tikiake i te putanga hou mo Linux. Me mohio ki te tiki i te SDK, kaua te JRE (kei te whakauru te JRE ki te SDK / J2SE).
(2) He kaitautuhi kuputuhi
Tata rawa tetahi kaitautoko e kitea ana e koe i runga i nga raupapa o Unix (hei tauira, Vi, Emacs, Pico). Ka whakamahia e tatou a Pico hei tauira.
Hipanga 1. Hangaia he Puna Rauemi Java.
Kei roto i te kōnae puna he kuputuhi i tuhia i roto i te reo whakawhiti Java. Ka taea e koe te whakamahi i tetahi kaitautuhi kuputuhi hei waihanga me te whakatika i nga kōnae puna.
E rua nga whiringa kei a koe:
* Ka taea e koe te tiaki i te kōnae FatCalories.java (i te mutunga o tenei tuhinga) ki to rorohiko. Ka taea e tenei ara te whakaora ia koe i etahi tuhi. Na, ka taea e koe te haere tika ki te taahiraa 2.
* Ka taea e koe te whai i nga tohutohu roa ake:
(1) Kawea mai he anga-anga (e kiia ana ko te waitohu).
A, no te tae mai o te waahi tuatahi, ka waiho tonu to whaiaronga i tenei wa ko to whaiaronga whare. Ka taea e koe te huri i to whaiaronga o toianei ki to rehitatanga whare i nga wa katoa ma te tuhi i te cd i te urupare (he "%") me te pehi hoki.
Ko nga kōnae Java e hanga ana e koe me pupuri i roto i tetahi raupapa motuhake. Ka taea e koe te waihanga i te whaiaronga ma te whakamahi i te whakahau mkdir . Hei tauira, ki te hanga i te java whaiaronga i roto i to whaiaronga home, ka huri tuatahi koe i to whaiaronga onamata ki to rehitatanga o te whare ma te whakauru i te whakahau e whai ake nei:
% cd
Na, ka uru koe ki te whakahau e whai ake nei:
% mkdir java
Hei huri i to whaiaronga onamata ki tenei whaiaronga hou, ka uru mai koe: % cd java
Na ka taea e koe te timata ki te hanga i to puna puna.
(2) Tīmatahia te kaiwhakahaere Pico mā te tuhi i te pico i te urupare me te hoki whakamuri. Ki te urupare te pūnaha ki te pico karere: kaore i kitea te ture , kaore pea pea a Pico e wātea. Whakawhiti atu ki to kaiwhakahaere pūnaha mo etahi atu korero, ka whakamahi ranei i tetahi atu o nga kaitautoko.
A, no te tīmatanga o Pico, ka whakaatuhia he paera hou, kapi. Koinei te rohe e tuhia ai to waehere.
(3) Patohia te waehere kua whakarārangitia i te mutunga o tenei tuhinga (i raro i "Te tauira Java Rauemi") ki roto i te paera kore. Patohia nga mea katoa hei whakaatu. Ko te kaiwhakangungu me te kaiwhakamaori a Java he putea.
(4) Tiakina te waehere mā te tuhi Ctrl-O. Ina kite koe i te Ingoa Kōnae kia tuhi :, momo FatCalories.java, i mua i te whaiaronga e hiahia ana koe kia haere te kōnae. Ki te hiahia koe ki te tiaki FatCalories.java i roto i te whaiaronga / home / smith / java, ka tuhia
/home/smith/java/FatCalories.java me te pēhi i te Hoki.
Whakamahia te Ctrl-X kia puta atu a Pico.
Hipanga 2. Whakamahia te Puna Puna.
Ko te kaiwhakarato Java, javac, e tango ana i to puna puna me te whakawhiti i tona kuputuhi ki nga tohutohu ka taea e te Maari Motuhake Java (Java VM) te marama. Ka tukuna enei tohutohu ki te kaitohu waehere whaimana.
Na, kawea mai he matapihi anga. Hei kohikohi i to puna puna, hurihia to whaiaronga o toianei ki te whaiaronga kei hea to papa. Hei tauira, mehemea ko to whaiaronga punaha / home / smith / java, ka pato koe i te whakahau e whai ake nei i roto i te urupare, me te pihi hoki:
% cd / home / smith / java
Mena ka uru koe ki te pwd i te tere, me kite koe i te whaiaronga o naianei, i hurihia i tenei tauira ki te / home / smith / java.
Mena ka whakauru koe ki te ira i te waahi, me kite koe i to kōnae: FatCalories.java.
Na ka taea e koe te kohikohi. I te tere, pato i te whakahau e whai ake nei me te pēhi hoki: javac FatCalories.java
Ki te kite koe i tenei karere hapa:
javac: Kaore i kitea te whakahau
kaore e taea e Unix te kimi i te kohikohi Java, javac.
Anei tetahi huarahi ki te whakaatu ki a Unix ki te kimi javac. Me whakaarohia e koe te Java 2 Platform (J2SE) i /usr/java/jdk1.4. I te tere, pato i te whakahau e whai ake nei, me te purihia Hoki:
/usr/java/jdk1.4/javac FatCalories.java
Kua hangaia e te kaipupuri inaianei he kōnae waehere taarata Java: FatCalories.class.
I te waahi, tuhia te nama ki te whakauru i te kōnae hou kei reira.
Hipanga 3. Whakahaerehia te Papatono
Ko te Java VM ka whakatinanahia e tetahi kaiwhakamaori Java e huaina ana ko java. Ko tenei kaiwhakamāori kei te tango i tō kōnae waerangi waerangi, me te kawe i nga tohutohu na roto i te whakamaori i nga korero kia mohio ai to rorohiko.
I roto i te taua whaiaronga, tomo i te urupare:
java FatCalories
A, no te rere koe i te kaupapa, me whakauru koe i nga tau e rua ka puta mai te matapihi rarangi pango pango. Me tuhi te papatono i nga tau e rua me te whakarau i whakaritea e te papatono.
Ina whiwhi koe i te karere hapa:
He rereke i te whiri "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: FatCalories
Ko te tikanga: kaore e taea e java te tiki i to kōnae waehere tawhito, FatCalories.class.
He aha te mahi: Ko tetahi o nga waahi a Java e whai ana ki te rapu i to kōnae waerangi taatai ko to whaiaronga o toianei. Hei tauira, mehemea kei roto i to / home / smith / java te waehere waehere takawaenga, me whakarereke i to whaiaronga o naianei ma te tuhi i te whakahau e whai ake nei i te tere me te hokinga mai hoki:
cd / home / smith / java
Mena ka uru koe ki te pwd i te tere, me kite koe / home / smith / java. Mena ka whakauru koe ki te awhina i te waahi, me kite koe i nga kōnae FatCalories.java me FatCalories.class. Na ka tomo ano ki a Java FatCalories.
Mena kei a koe tonu nga raruraru, ka taea e koe te huri i to taurangi CLASSPATH. Hei kite mehemea e tika ana tenei, ngana ki te "whakaoti" i te akomanga me te whakahau e whai ake nei:
Tuhinga Hoki
Na ka tomo ano ki a Java FatCalories. Mena kei te mahi te papatono i tenei wa, me whakarereke i to taurangi CLASSPATH.