Ko nga whakahau Linux he pai ake te ora
Ka whakaatu tenei aratohu ki a koe ki te hanga i nga kaiwhakamahi i roto i te Linux ma te whakamahi i te raina whakahau. Ahakoa he maha nga waahi o te mahinga Linux e whakarato ana i te taputapu whakairoiro mo te waihanga i nga kaiwhakamahi he pai te ako ki te ako me pehea te mahi i te raina whakahau kia taea ai e koe te whakawhiti i o raatau mai i tetahi tohatoha ki tetahi atu me te kore ako i nga taangata hou kaiwhakamahi.
Tuhinga o mua
Pehea Hei Waihanga A Kaiwhakamahi
Kia tīmata ma te hanga i tetahi kaiwhakamahi kuware.
Ko te whakahau e whai ake nei ka tapiritia he kaiwhakamahi hou e kiia ana he whakamatautau ki to punaha:
sudo useradd whakamātautau
Ko te aha ka tupu i te wa e whakahaerehia ai tenei whakahau ka whakawhirinaki ki nga ihirangi o te kōnae whirihoranga i roto i / etc / taunoa / whakamahiradd.
Hei tiro i nga ihirangi o / etc / taunoa / whakamahiradd rere te whakahau e whai ake nei:
sudo nano / etc / taunoa / useradd
Ka tautuhi te kōnae whirihoranga i tetahi anga taunoa i roto i te Ubuntu he bin / sh. Ko nga atu whiringa katoa kei te whakahuahia.
Ko te korero i nga whiringa ka taea e koe te whakaturia he kohinga taunoa taunoa, he roopu, he maha o nga ra i muri i te whakamutu o te kupuhipa i mua i te paheketanga o te kaute, me te ra mutunga o te paunga.
Ko te mea nui ki te kohikohi i nga korero o runga ake nei ko te whakahaere i te tono whakamahid i waho i nga whakawhiti ka puta i nga hua rereke i runga i nga wehewehenga rereke, me te mahi ki nga tautuhinga i te kōnae / etc / taunoa / whakamahiradd.
I tua atu ki te kōnae / etc / taunoa / whakamahiradd, kei reira hoki tetahi kōnae e karangatia ana /etc/login.defs ka whakahuatia i muri nei i roto i te aratohu.
He mea nui: kaore i te whakauruhia te sudo ki nga waahi katoa. Mena kaore i te whakauruhia, me uru koe ki tetahi kaute me nga whakaaetanga tika mo te waihanga i nga kaiwhakamahi
Tuhinga o mua
Me pehea te waihanga i tetahi kaiwhakamahi me te Whaiaronga Whaiaro
Ko te tauira o mua he mea tinowari, engari kaore pea i whakaritea e te kaiwhakamahi he whaiaronga whanui i runga i te kōnae tautuhinga .
Hei akiaki i te hanganga o te whaiaronga o te kainga hei whakamahi i te whakahau e whai ake nei:
whakamahia testd -m whakamatautau
Ko te raupapa o runga e hangaia he kōpaki / whare / whakamātautau mo te whakamātautau kaiwhakamahi.
Tuhinga o mua
Me pehea te waihanga i tetahi kaiwhakamahi me tetahi wharangi whaimana whare
Ki te hiahia koe ki te kaiwhakamahi ki te whai i tetahi kōpaki kāinga i tetahi wahi rerekē ki te taunoa ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te whakawhiti -d.
sudo useradd -m -d / whakamatautau whakamātautau
Ko te whakahau i runga ake ka waihanga i tetahi kōpaki hei whakamatautau mo te whakamatautau kaiwhakamahi i raro i te kōpaki pakiaka.
Tuhipoka: I roto i te -m whakawhiti kaore e taea te hanga i te kōpaki. Kei runga i te tautuhinga i roto i /etc/login.defs.
Kia taea ai tenei ki te mahi me te kore e whakaatu i te whakawhitinga -m hei whakarereke i te kōnae /etc/login.defs a i te raro o te kōnae e tohaina te rarangi e whai ake nei:
CREATE_HOME ae
Tuhinga o mua
Me pehea te huri i te Kupuhipa a te Kaiwhakamahi I te whakamahi i te Linux
Na kua hanga e koe he kaiwhakamahi me te kōpaki kāinga ka hiahia koe ki te huri i te kupuhipa a te kaiwhakamahi.
Hei tautuhi i te kupuhipa a te kaiwhakamahi me whakamahi koe i te whakahau e whai ake nei:
test test
Ko te whakahau i runga ake ka tuku ia koe ki te tautuhi i te kupuhipa a te kaiwhakamahi whakamatau. Ka tukuna koe mo te kupuhipa e hiahia ana koe ki te whakamahi.
Tuhinga o mua
Pehea Hei Whakawhiti Kaiwhakamahi
Ka taea e koe te whakamatautau i to tautuhinga kaiwhakamahi hou ma te tuhi i nga mea e whai ake nei ki te matapihi matatau:
su - whakamatautau
Ko te whakahau i runga ake ka huri i te kaiwhakamahi ki te kaute whakamatautau me te whakaaro ka hangaia e koe he kōpaki kāinga ka waiho koe ki te kōpaki kāinga mo taua kaiwhakamahi.
Tuhinga o mua
Waihangatia he Kaiwhakamahi me te Rā Whakamutunga
Mena kei te mahi koe i tetahi tari, kei te whai koe i tetahi kirimana hou e timata ana i to tari mo te wa poto ka hiahia koe ki te whakatakoto i te ra whakamutu i runga i tana kaute kaiwhakamahi.
Waihoki, mehemea kei te haere mai te whanau ki te noho ka taea e koe te hanga i tetahi kaute kaiwhakamahi mo taua mema o te whanau e mutu ana i muri i to ratou haerenga.
Hei tautuhi i te ra whakamutu i te wa e hanga ana i te kaiwhakamahi, whakamahia te whakahau e whai ake nei:
useradd -d / home / test -e 2016-02-05 whakamatautau
Me tohu te ra i roto i te hōputu YYYY-MM-DD kei hea a YYYY te tau, ko MM te marama marama, me te DD te ra ra.
Tuhinga o mua
Me pehea te waihanga i tetahi kaiwhakamahi me te tuku ki te Rōpū
Mena kei a koe tetahi kaiwhakamahi hou ki to kamupene, ka hiahia pea koe ki te tautuhi i nga waahanga motuhake mo taua kaiwhakamahi kia taea ai e ratou te uru atu ki nga kōnae me nga pukupae rite nga mema o to raatau kapa.
Hei tauira, whakaarohia he tangata i huaina e koe ko Hoani, i uru atu ai ia hei kaikaute.
Ko te whakahau e whai ake nei ka hono atu a John ki te roopu korero.
useradd -m john -G korero
Tuhinga o mua
Whakariterite i nga Taunoa Hononga I roto i te Linux
Ko te kōnae /etc/login.defs he kōnae whirihoranga e whakarato ana i te whanonga taunoa mo nga mahi takiuru.
He maha nga tautuhinga kei roto i tenei kōnae. Hei whakatuwhera i te kōnae /etc/login.defs ki te tomo i te whakahau e whai ake nei:
sudo nano /etc/login.defs
Kei roto i te kōnae login.def nga tautuhinga e whai ake nei ka hiahia pea koe ki te huri:
- PASS_MAX_DAYS - Kia pehea te roa ka mutu te kupuhipa.
- PASS_MIN_DAYS - Kia pehea te wa ka hurihia te kupuhipa.
- PASS_WARN_AGE - He maha o nga ra kei te whakatupato i mua i te pau o te kupuhipa.
- LOGIN_RETRIES - Te maha o nga nganatanga takiuru i mua i te kore.
- LOGIN_TIMEOUT - Kia pehea te roa i mua i nga wa takiuru i waho.
- DEFAULT_HOME - Ka taea e te kaiwhakamahi te takiuru mēnā kāore he kōpaki kāinga e noho.
Kia mahara ko enei ko nga tautuhinga taunoa, ka taea te whakakorea i te wa e hangaia ai he kaiwhakamahi hou.
Tuhinga o mua
Me pehea te Tautuhi Kupuhipa Kupuhipa Whakamutunga I te Hangahanga o te Kaiwhakamahi
Ka taea e koe te tautuhi i te ra o te whakamutu kupuhipa, te maha o nga whakautu takiuru, me te waahi ina hangaia he kaiwhakamahi.
Ko te tauira e whai ake nei e whakaatu ana me pehea te waihanga i tetahi kaiwhakamahi me te whakatupato i te kupuhipa, he maha o nga ra i mua i te whakamutu o te kupuhipa me te tautuhi i te tautuhi.
sudo useradd test5 -m -K PASS_MAX_DAYS = 5 -K PASS_WARN_AGE = 3 -K LOGIN_RETRIES = 1
Tuhinga o mua
Te Hanga Hangahanga o te Kaiwhakamahi Kore Karekau he Kōpaki Kāinga
Mena kei te kohinga takiuru kei te kōwhiringa CREATE_HOME ka whakaturia i te wa ka hangaia he kaiwhakamahi he kōpaki kāinga ka hanga aunoa.
Hei waihanga i tetahi kaiwhakamahi me te kore he putea o te kāinga ahakoa nga tautuhinga e whakamahi ana i te whakahau e whai ake nei:
Whakamahia -M whakamatau
He tino raruraru-ko taku tohu mo te hanga i te kainga me te -M tu ana e kore e hanga whare.
Tuhinga o mua
Tauwhāitihia te Ingoa Totonu o te Kaiwhakamahi I te Hangahanga o te Kaiwhakamahi
Hei wähanga o to kaupapa here kaiwhakarato kaiwhakamahi, ka taea e koe te whiriwhiri kia mahi i te mea tuatahi me te ingoa whakamutunga. Hei tauira, ko te ingoa kaiwhakamahi mo "John Smith" hei "jsmith".
A, no te rapu mo nga taipitopito mo te kaiwhakamahi, kaore e taea e koe te wehe i waenganui ia John Smith me Jenny Smith.
Ka taea e koe te whakauru i tetahi korero i te wa e hanga ana i tetahi kaute kia maatau ake te kimi i te ingoa o te kaiwhakamahi.
Ko te whakahau e whai ake nei e whakaatu ana ki te mahi i tenei:
useradd -m jsmith -c "john smith"
Tuhinga o mua
Te arotake i te Kōnae / etc / passwd
A, no te waihanga i tetahi kaiwhakamahi, ka honoa nga taipitopito o taua kaiwhakamahi ki te kōnae / etc / passwd.
Hei tiro i nga taipitopito e pā ana ki tetahi kaiwhakamahi ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te whakahau grep penei:
grep john / etc / passwd
Tuhipoka: Ko te whakahau i runga ake ka whakahokia mai nga korero mo nga kaiwhakamahi katoa me te kupu john hei waahanga o te ingoa kaiwhakamahi.
Kei roto i te kōnae / etc / kupu whakawhiti he rārangi papa-wehea o nga mara e pā ana ki ia kaiwhakamahi.
Ko nga mara e whai ake nei:
- Ingoa Kaiwhakamahi;
- Kupuhipa whakamunatia (e kore e taea e koe te kite);
- Kaiwhakamahi;
- Ko te rōpū kaiwhakamahi id;
- Ingoa katoa o te kaiwhakamahi;
- Te whaiaronga a te kaiwhakamahi;
- Whakauru i te anga.